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Einstein@Home

Einstein@Home
Einstein@Home screensaver
Developer(s)Max Planck Society (MPG)
Initial releaseFebruary 19, 2005 (2005-02-19)
Development statusActive
Operating systemCross-platform
PlatformBOINC
LicenseGPL-2.0-or-later[1]
Average performance7659.0 TFLOPS[2] (December 2023)
Active users16,069[2]
Total users1,048,317[2]
Active hosts34,751[2]
Total hosts8,140,803[2]
Websiteeinsteinathome.org

Einstein@Home is a volunteer computing project that searches for signals from spinning neutron stars in data from gravitational-wave detectors, from large radio telescopes, and from a gamma-ray telescope. Neutron stars are detected by their pulsed radio and gamma-ray emission as radio and/or gamma-ray pulsars. They also might be observable as continuous gravitational wave sources if they are rapidly spinning and non-axisymmetrically deformed. The project was officially launched on 19 February 2005 as part of the American Physical Society's contribution to the World Year of Physics 2005 event.[3]

Einstein@Home searches data from the LIGO gravitational-wave detectors. The project conducts the most sensitive all-sky searches for continuous gravitational waves. While no such signal has yet been detected, the upper limits set by Einstein@Home analyses provide astrophysical constraints on the Galactic population of spinning neutron stars.

Einstein@Home also searches radio telescope data from the Arecibo Observatory, and has in the past analyzed data from Parkes Observatory. On 12 August 2010, the first discovery by Einstein@Home of a previously undetected radio pulsar J2007+2722, found in data from the Arecibo Observatory, was published in Science.[4][5] This was the first data-based discovery by a volunteer computing project. As of December 2023 Einstein@Home had discovered 55 radio pulsars.[6]

The project also analyses data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to discover gamma-ray pulsars. On 26 November 2013, the first Einstein@Home results of the Fermi data analysis was published: the discovery of four young gamma-ray pulsars in LAT data.[7] As of December 2023, Einstein@Home has discovered 39 previously unknown gamma-ray pulsars[6] in data from the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The Einstein@Home search makes use of novel and more efficient data-analysis methods and discovered pulsars missed in other analyses of the same data.[8][9]

The project runs on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) software platform and uses free software released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.[1] Einstein@Home is hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute, Hannover, Germany) and the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. The project is supported by the Max Planck Society (MPG), the American Physical Society (APS), and the US National Science Foundation (NSF). The Einstein@Home project director is Bruce Allen.

Einstein@Home uses the power of volunteer computing in solving the computationally intensive problem of analyzing a large volume of data. Such an approach was pioneered by the SETI@home project, which is designed to look for signs of extraterrestrial life by analyzing radio wave data. Einstein@Home runs through the same software platform as SETI@home, the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC). As of December 2023, more than 492,000 volunteers in 226 countries had participated in the project, making it the third-most-popular active BOINC application.[10][11] Users regularly contribute about 7.7 petaFLOPS of computational power,[10] which would rank Einstein@Home among the top 105 on the TOP500 list of supercomputers.[12]

  1. ^ a b "Einstein@Home application source code and license". Archived from the original on 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Einstein@home: Computing Capacity". Archived from the original on 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  3. ^ Boyle, Alan (19 February 2005). "Software sifts through gravity's mysteries". NBC News. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2006-06-03.
  4. ^ Knispel B, Allen B, Cordes JM, et al. (September 2010). "Pulsar discovery by global volunteer computing". Science. 329 (5997): 1305. arXiv:1008.2172. Bibcode:2010Sci...329.1305K. doi:10.1126/science.1195253. PMID 20705813. S2CID 29786670.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference BBC20100813 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b "Pulsars research at AEI Hannover". www.aei.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Clark, Colin J.; et al. (2016). "The Einstein@Home Gamma-ray Pulsar Survey I: Search Methods, Sensitivity and Discovery of New Young Gamma-ray Pulsars". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (2): 106. arXiv:1611.01015. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834..106C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/106. S2CID 5750104.
  9. ^ Einstein@home (2020-09-10). "Tenth anniversary of the first Einstein@Home discovery". Einstein@home. Archived from the original on 2022-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-10.
  10. ^ a b "Einstein@Home server status page". einsteinathome.org. Archived from the original on 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  11. ^ "BOINCstats project statistics". Archived from the original on 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
  12. ^ "Top500 List - November 2023". Archived from the original on 2023-12-08. Retrieved 2023-12-08.

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